# Research Question 2
```{r}
#| label: setup
#| include: false
source("R/setup-script.R")
```
## Model Specification
Mediation tests were conducted using `mediation::mediate()` using bias-corrected bootstrapped confidence intervals.
::: {.content-visible when-format="pdf"}
Code for model specification not available in PDF format.
:::
```{r}
#| label: model-spec
#| cache: true
# Formula for c path
formula_t <- function(perception) {
as.formula(
paste0(
"Posttest_",
perception,
" ~
Condition * Gender +
Baseline_Score +
Cohort_2 +
Cohort_3 +
Semester_Week +
Posttest_Test_Version +
Baseline_Threat +
Baseline_",
perception
)
)
}
# Formula for a path
formula_m <- function(perception) {
as.formula(
paste0(
"EMA_Threat ~
Condition * Gender +
Baseline_Score +
Cohort_2 +
Cohort_3 +
Semester_Week +
Posttest_Test_Version +
Baseline_Threat +
Baseline_",
perception
)
)
}
# Formula for c' and b paths
formula_y <- function(perception) {
as.formula(
paste0(
"Posttest_",
perception,
" ~
Condition * Gender +
EMA_Threat * Gender +
Baseline_Score +
Cohort_2 +
Cohort_3 +
Semester_Week +
Posttest_Test_Version +
Baseline_Threat +
Baseline_",
perception
)
)
}
# Function for removing gender moderations from paths
# to show overall effects
remove_interactions <- function(perception, formula_fun) {
update.formula(
formula_fun(perception),
. ~ . - Condition:Gender - Gender:EMA_Threat
)
}
# Helper function to create lm with proper call
lm_with_call <- function(formula_func, perception, data, mod = TRUE) {
if (mod) {
formula <- formula_func(perception)
} else {
formula <- remove_interactions(perception, formula_func)
}
model <- lm(formula, data = data)
model$call <- call("lm", formula = formula, data = quote(data))
return(model)
}
# Linear models with men coded as 0
models_rq2_men <- bind_rows(
list(
Confidence = data_rq2,
Anxiety = data_rq2,
Difficulty = data_rq2
),
.id = "perception"
) %>%
nest(.by = "perception") %>%
mutate(
mod_t = map2(data, perception, ~ lm_with_call(formula_t, .y, .x)),
mod_m = map2(data, perception, ~ lm_with_call(formula_m, .y, .x)),
mod_y = map2(data, perception, ~ lm_with_call(formula_y, .y, .x))
) %>%
group_by(perception) %>%
name_list_columns()
# Linear models with women and non-binary students coded as 0
models_rq2_women <- bind_rows(
list(
Confidence = data_rq2,
Anxiety = data_rq2,
Difficulty = data_rq2
),
.id = "perception"
) %>%
# Reverse gender coding for women/nb path models
mutate(Gender = fct_relevel(Gender, "Women or Non-binary")) %>%
nest(.by = "perception") %>%
mutate(
mod_t = map2(data, perception, ~ lm_with_call(formula_t, .y, .x)),
mod_m = map2(data, perception, ~ lm_with_call(formula_m, .y, .x)),
mod_y = map2(data, perception, ~ lm_with_call(formula_y, .y, .x))
) %>%
group_by(perception) %>%
name_list_columns()
# Linear models without gender moderation
models_rq2_no_mod <- bind_rows(
list(
Confidence = data_rq2,
Anxiety = data_rq2,
Difficulty = data_rq2
),
.id = "perception"
) %>%
nest(.by = "perception") %>%
mutate(
mod_t = map2(
data,
perception,
~ lm_with_call(formula_t, .y, .x, mod = FALSE)
),
mod_m = map2(
data,
perception,
~ lm_with_call(formula_m, .y, .x, mod = FALSE)
),
mod_y = map2(
data,
perception,
~ lm_with_call(formula_y, .y, .x, mod = FALSE)
)
) %>%
group_by(perception) %>%
name_list_columns()
# Function for printing model results
tab_rq2_models <- function(df, perception) {
lbl_out <- paste0("Posttest ", perception)
handle_model_print(
mods <- list(
df$mod_t[[perception]],
df$mod_m[[perception]],
df$mod_y[[perception]]
),
nm = paste0(
"Model ",
1:3,
" DV:<br>",
c(lbl_out, "EMA Threat", lbl_out)
),
n_models = 3
)
}
# Function for printing path diagram
plot_path_diagram <- function(perception, gender) {
df <- get(paste0("models_rq2_", gender), envir = .GlobalEnv)
if (gender == "no_mod") {
dv <- paste0(perception, "\n(Overall)")
} else {
dv <- paste0(perception, "\n(", str_to_title(gender), ")")
}
p <- gg_path_diagram(
mod_t = df$mod_t[[perception]],
mod_m = df$mod_m[[perception]],
mod_y = df$mod_y[[perception]],
str_med = "EMA_Threat",
str_iv = "ConditionMindfulness",
lbl_med = "EMA Threat",
lbl_iv = "Mindfulness",
lbl_dv = dv,
pad_x = 3.5
)
return(p)
}
# Function for running mediation models for each level of the moderator (using mediation package)
my_mediate <- function(
df = models_rq2_men,
perception,
gender,
sims = med_sims
) {
if (gender == "men") {
lbl_gender <- "Men"
} else {
lbl_gender <- "Women or Non-binary"
}
set.seed(1983)
mediation::mediate(
model.m = df$mod_m[[perception]],
model.y = df$mod_y[[perception]],
sim = sims,
boot = TRUE,
boot.ci.type = "bca",
covariates = list(Gender = lbl_gender),
treat = "Condition",
mediator = "EMA_Threat",
control.value = "Control",
treat.value = "Mindfulness"
)
}
my_mediate_no_mod <- function(
df = models_rq2_no_mod,
perception,
sims = med_sims
) {
set.seed(1983)
mediation::mediate(
model.m = df$mod_m[[perception]],
model.y = df$mod_y[[perception]],
sim = sims,
boot = TRUE,
boot.ci.type = "bca",
treat = "Condition",
mediator = "EMA_Threat",
control.value = "Control",
treat.value = "Mindfulness"
)
}
```
## Confidence
### Men Results
#### Linear Model Results
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See @tbl-conf-men
:::
```{r}
#| label: tbl-conf-men
#| tbl-cap: "Mediation Analysis for Confidence at Posttest: Men"
#| cache: true
tab_rq2_models(models_rq2_men, "Confidence")
```
#### Path Diagram
::: {.content-visible when-format="pdf"}
See @fig-conf-men
:::
```{r}
#| label: fig-conf-men
#| fig-cap: "Mediation Analysis for Confidence at Posttest: Men"
#| cache: true
plot_path_diagram("Confidence", "men")
```
#### Mediation Test
::: {.content-visible when-format="pdf"}
See @tbl-med-conf-men
:::
```{r}
#| label: tbl-med-conf-men
#| tbl-cap: "Mediation Analysis for Confidence at Posttest: Men"
#| cache: true
my_mediate(perception = "Confidence", gender = "men") %>% kable_mediation()
```
### Women or Non-binary Results
##### Linear Model Results
::: {.content-visible when-format="pdf"}
See @tbl-conf-wnb
:::
```{r}
#| label: tbl-conf-wnb
#| tbl-cap: "Mediation Analysis for Confidence at Posttest: Women"
#| cache: true
tab_rq2_models(models_rq2_women, "Confidence")
```
##### Path Diagram
::: {.content-visible when-format="pdf"}
See @fig-conf-wnb
:::
```{r}
#| label: fig-conf-wnb
#| fig-cap: "Mediation Analysis for Confidence at Posttest: Women"
#| cache: true
plot_path_diagram("Confidence", "women")
```
##### Mediation Test
::: {.content-visible when-format="pdf"}
See @tbl-med-conf-wnb
:::
```{r}
#| label: tbl-med-conf-wnb
#| tbl-cap: "Mediation Analysis for Confidence at Posttest: Women"
#| cache: true
my_mediate(perception = "Confidence", gender = "women") %>% kable_mediation()
```
## Anxiety
### Men Results
#### Linear Model Results
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See @tbl-anx-men
:::
```{r}
#| label: tbl-anx-men
#| tbl-cap: "Mediation Analysis for Anxiety at Posttest: Men"
#| cache: true
tab_rq2_models(models_rq2_men, "Anxiety")
```
#### Path Diagram
::: {.content-visible when-format="pdf"}
See @fig-anx-men
:::
```{r}
#| label: fig-anx-men
#| fig-cap: "Mediation Analysis for Anxiety at Posttest: Men"
#| cache: true
plot_path_diagram("Anxiety", "men")
```
#### Mediation Test
::: {.content-visible when-format="pdf"}
See @tbl-med-anx-men
:::
```{r}
#| label: tbl-med-anx-men
#| tbl-cap: "Mediation Analysis for Anxiety at Posttest: Men"
#| cache: true
my_mediate(perception = "Anxiety", gender = "men") %>% kable_mediation()
```
### Women or Non-binary Results
##### Linear Model Results
::: {.content-visible when-format="pdf"}
See @tbl-anx-wnb
:::
```{r}
#| label: tbl-anx-wnb
#| tbl-cap: "Mediation Analysis for Anxiety at Posttest: Women"
#| cache: true
tab_rq2_models(models_rq2_women, "Anxiety")
```
##### Path Diagram
::: {.content-visible when-format="pdf"}
See @fig-anx-wnb
:::
```{r}
#| label: fig-anx-wnb
#| fig-cap: "Mediation Analysis for Confidence at Posttest: Women"
#| cache: true
plot_path_diagram("Anxiety", "women")
```
##### Mediation Test
::: {.content-visible when-format="pdf"}
See @tbl-med-anx-wnb
:::
```{r}
#| label: tbl-med-anx-wnb
#| tbl-cap: "Mediation Analysis for Confidence at Posttest: Women"
#| cache: true
my_mediate(perception = "Anxiety", gender = "women") %>% kable_mediation()
```
## Difficulty
### Men Results
#### Linear Model Results
::: {.content-visible when-format="pdf"}
See @tbl-diff-men
:::
```{r}
#| label: tbl-diff-men
#| tbl-cap: "Mediation Analysis for Difficulty at Posttest: Men"
#| cache: true
tab_rq2_models(models_rq2_men, "Difficulty")
```
#### Path Diagram
::: {.content-visible when-format="pdf"}
See @fig-diff-men
:::
```{r}
#| label: fig-diff-men
#| fig-cap: "Mediation Analysis for Difficulty at Posttest: Men"
#| cache: true
plot_path_diagram("Difficulty", "men")
```
#### Mediation Test
::: {.content-visible when-format="pdf"}
See @tbl-med-diff-men
:::
```{r}
#| label: tbl-med-diff-men
#| tbl-cap: "Mediation Analysis for Difficulty at Posttest: Men"
#| cache: true
my_mediate(perception = "Difficulty", gender = "men") %>% kable_mediation()
```
### Women or Non-binary Results
#### Linear Model Results
::: {.content-visible when-format="pdf"}
See @tbl-diff-wnb
:::
```{r}
#| label: tbl-diff-wnb
#| tbl-cap: "Mediation Analysis for Difficulty at Posttest: Women"
#| cache: true
tab_rq2_models(models_rq2_women, "Difficulty")
```
#### Path Diagram
::: {.content-visible when-format="pdf"}
See @fig-diff-wnb
:::
```{r}
#| label: fig-diff-wnb
#| fig-cap: "Mediation Analysis for Difficulty at Posttest: Women"
#| cache: true
plot_path_diagram("Difficulty", "women")
```
#### Mediation Test
::: {.content-visible when-format="pdf"}
See @tbl-med-diff-wnb
:::
```{r}
#| label: tbl-med-diff-wnb
#| tbl-cap: "Mediation Analysis for Difficulty at Posttest: Women"
my_mediate(perception = "Difficulty", gender = "women") %>% kable_mediation()
```
## Unmoderated Mediation Results (preregistered analyses){#sec-preregistered}
### Confidence
#### Linear Models
```{r}
#| label: tbl-rq2-prereg-1
#| tbl-cap: Mediation Analysis for Confidence at Posttest without Gender Moderation
tab_rq2_models(models_rq2_no_mod, "Confidence")
```
#### Path Diagram
```{r}
#| label: fig-rq2-prereg-2
#| fig-cap: Mediation Analysis for Confidence at Posttest without Gender Moderation
plot_path_diagram("Confidence", "no_mod")
```
#### Mediation Test
```{r}
#| label: tbl-med-rq2-prereg-3
#| tbl-cap: Mediation Analysis for Confidence at Posttest without Gender Moderation
my_mediate_no_mod(perception = "Confidence") |> kable_mediation()
```
### Anxiety
#### Linear Models
```{r}
#| label: tbl-rq2-prereg-4
#| tbl-cap: Mediation Analysis for Anxiety at Posttest without Gender Moderation
tab_rq2_models(models_rq2_no_mod, "Anxiety")
```
#### Path Diagram
```{r}
#| label: fig-rq2-prereg-5
#| fig-cap: Mediation Analysis for Anxiety at Posttest without Gender Moderation
plot_path_diagram("Anxiety", "no_mod")
```
#### Mediation Test
```{r}
#| label: tbl-med-rq2-prereg-6
#| tbl-cap: Mediation Analysis for Anxiety at Posttest without Gender Moderation
my_mediate_no_mod(perception = "Anxiety") |> kable_mediation()
```
### Difficulty
#### Linear Models
```{r}
#| label: tbl-rq2-prereg-7
#| tbl-cap: Mediation Analysis for Difficulty at Posttest without Gender Moderation
tab_rq2_models(models_rq2_no_mod, "Difficulty")
```
#### Path Diagram
```{r}
#| label: fig-rq2-prereg-8
#| fig-cap: Mediation Analysis for Difficulty at Posttest without Gender Moderation
plot_path_diagram("Difficulty", "no_mod")
```
#### Mediation Test
```{r}
#| label: tbl-med-rq2-prereg-9
#| tbl-cap: Mediation Analysis for Difficulty at Posttest without Gender Moderation
my_mediate_no_mod(perception = "Difficulty") |> kable_mediation()
```
